Knee replacement, also called knee arthroplasty or total knee replacement, is a surgical procedure used to replace damaged or worn surfaces of the knee joint. During the procedure, damaged portions of the knee are removed and replaced with artificial components designed to help restore joint function and reduce pain.
Knee replacement may be considered for people with severe knee arthritis, significant joint damage or persistent knee pain and stiffness that affects daily activities. The decision to undergo surgery depends on the severity of symptoms, overall health, examination findings and response to other treatments.
The knee is a major weight-bearing joint that helps with walking, standing, climbing stairs and many everyday activities. Arthritis and other conditions can gradually damage the cartilage covering the bones inside the knee. As the cartilage wears away, the bones may rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness and reduced movement.
When knee pain becomes severe and starts affecting everyday activities, treatment options are considered based on the individual's condition. Non-surgical treatments such as medication, physiotherapy, weight management, activity modification and injections may be recommended before surgery when appropriate.
If these treatments no longer provide adequate relief and knee damage is significant, knee replacement surgery may be considered. The goal of the procedure is to reduce pain, improve knee function and help the patient return to daily activities.
Recovery after knee replacement involves gradual rehabilitation and physiotherapy. Patients are encouraged to follow their surgeon's instructions and rehabilitation plan. Recovery varies between individuals depending on overall health, activity level and the condition of the knee before surgery.
Knee replacement may be considered when knee problems cause persistent symptoms and significantly affect quality of life. Common situations in which surgery may be discussed include:
People with advanced knee joint damage may experience different symptoms that can interfere with normal activities. Common symptoms include:
Knee joint damage can develop gradually or occur as a result of an injury. Some common causes include:
Knee replacement surgery involves removing damaged areas of the knee joint and replacing them with artificial components. The surgeon carefully prepares the damaged bone surfaces before positioning the replacement components.
The artificial components are designed to allow the knee to move more smoothly. The exact surgical approach and type of implant depend on factors such as the patient's age, activity level, knee condition and overall health.
Before surgery, the orthopedic surgeon evaluates the knee and may recommend imaging tests such as X-rays to understand the extent of joint damage and plan the procedure.
Recovery after knee replacement is a gradual process. Physiotherapy and regular exercises are an important part of rehabilitation. The rehabilitation program is designed to gradually improve knee movement, strength and function.
Patients are usually encouraged to gradually increase their activity according to their surgeon's and physiotherapist's advice. Following post-operative instructions and attending follow-up appointments can help support recovery.
Knee replacement may provide significant improvement for appropriately selected patients with severe knee joint damage. Potential benefits may include: